See towayle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "towel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "toul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tool"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tooel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "towall"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "toul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tool"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tooel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "towell"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tuáille"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "toaille"
},
"expansion": "Old French toaille",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "toallia"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin toallia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*þwahilu"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *þwahilu",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French toaille, from Early Medieval Latin toallia, from Frankish *þwahilu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "towayles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tawale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tewayll",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "touayl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towaile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towaille",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towayl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "twaile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "twayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "toual",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towel",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towell",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towelle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towylle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "touwayl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "touel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towail",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tueil",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "twaylle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "towayle",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "towayles"
},
"expansion": "towayle (plural towayles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A towel or washcloth; a cleaning cloth."
],
"id": "en-towayle-enm-noun-li4nptot",
"links": [
[
"towel",
"towel"
],
[
"washcloth",
"washcloth"
],
[
"cleaning",
"cleaning"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth sieve or strainer."
],
"id": "en-towayle-enm-noun-OMIA9Jz1",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"sieve",
"sieve"
],
[
"strainer",
"strainer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 36 30 0 8 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A fabric tablecloth cover or protector."
],
"id": "en-towayle-enm-noun-GBhUHjoN",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"tablecloth",
"tablecloth"
],
[
"protector",
"protector"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 36 30 0 8 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A drape for an altar or grave."
],
"id": "en-towayle-enm-noun-5vReKd6l",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"drape",
"drape"
],
[
"altar",
"altar"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 15 11 9 24 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "enm:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A scarf; a cloth wrap for the neck."
],
"id": "en-towayle-enm-noun-i4Vh8qoN",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
],
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
],
[
"neck",
"neck"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A surgical cloth or cover."
],
"id": "en-towayle-enm-noun-dzw~Y2rj",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"surgical",
"surgical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"(surgery) A surgical cloth or cover."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 11 6 11 11 7 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 4 5 3 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 2 4 5 3 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 16 3 7 3 65",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "enm:Fabrics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 36 30 0 8 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 5 5 5 72",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Toiletries",
"orig": "enm:Toiletries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A fabric cover for communion wafers."
],
"id": "en-towayle-enm-noun-Es6E3Tuj",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"communion wafer",
"communion wafer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"(rare) A fabric cover for communion wafers."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tuːˈæi̯l(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuːɛl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwæi̯l(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "towayle"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Early Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Clothing",
"enm:Fabrics",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Toiletries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "towel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "toul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tool"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tooel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "towall"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "toul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tool"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tooel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "towell"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tuáille"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "toaille"
},
"expansion": "Old French toaille",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "toallia"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin toallia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*þwahilu"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *þwahilu",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French toaille, from Early Medieval Latin toallia, from Frankish *þwahilu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "towayles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tawale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tewayll",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "touayl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towaile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towaille",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towayl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "twaile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "twayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "toual",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towel",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towell",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towelle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "towylle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "touwayl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "touel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towail",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tueil",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "twaylle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "towayle",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "towayles"
},
"expansion": "towayle (plural towayles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A towel or washcloth; a cleaning cloth."
],
"links": [
[
"towel",
"towel"
],
[
"washcloth",
"washcloth"
],
[
"cleaning",
"cleaning"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth sieve or strainer."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"sieve",
"sieve"
],
[
"strainer",
"strainer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A fabric tablecloth cover or protector."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"tablecloth",
"tablecloth"
],
[
"protector",
"protector"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A drape for an altar or grave."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"drape",
"drape"
],
[
"altar",
"altar"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A scarf; a cloth wrap for the neck."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
],
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
],
[
"neck",
"neck"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Surgery"
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A surgical cloth or cover."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"surgical",
"surgical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"(surgery) A surgical cloth or cover."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"A fabric cover for communion wafers."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"communion wafer",
"communion wafer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A cloth cover; a protective cloth:",
"(rare) A fabric cover for communion wafers."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tuːˈæi̯l(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuːɛl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwæi̯l(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "towayle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for towayle meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.